networking:cisco:bgp-basic

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Cisco : Border Gateway Protocol [U]

  • Apa itu BGP?

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) adalah protokol routing yang menjadi tulang punggung komunikasi di Internet. BGP bertugas mengelola lalu lintas antar jaringan atau Autonomous System (AS), dengan memilih jalur terbaik untuk mengirimkan data ke tujuan tertentu. Dengan BGP, router dapat bertukar informasi tentang rute mana yang lebih efisien dan andal untuk mencapai jaringan lain, memungkinkan Internet berfungsi secara global.

  • Apa itu Autonomous System (AS)?

Autonomous System (AS) adalah sekumpulan jaringan yang dioperasikan di bawah satu administrasi atau penyedia layanan internet (ISP). Setiap AS memiliki Nomor AS (ASN) yang unik, yang berfungsi sebagai identitas di Internet. ASN ini memungkinkan jaringan saling terhubung dan berkomunikasi secara efektif, serta mempermudah pengelolaan rute di antara berbagai organisasi yang mengelola infrastruktur jaringan.

Syntax

Sintaks dasar untuk meredistribusi rute di Cisco: 

router <nama-protokol>
 redistribute <protokol-sumber> [metric <nilai>] [subnet]
 exit
  • nama-protokol: Nama protokol routing yang sedang dikonfigurasi (misalnya, RIP, OSPF, EIGRP).
  • protokol-sumber: Protokol routing yang rute-nya ingin didistribusikan (misalnya, static, connected, EIGRP).
  • metric: Opsional. Mengizinkan Anda untuk mengubah metrik default untuk rute yang didistribusikan.
  • subnet: Opsional. Mengizinkan Anda untuk menentukan subnet spesifik yang akan didistribusikan.

Contoh:

Mari redistribusikan rute statis ke EIGRP: 

router eigrp 100
 redistribute static metric 255
 exit

Perintah ini mendistribusikan semua rute statis ke EIGRP dengan metrik 255.

Topologi

Preconfigurasi Konfigurasi IP

Preconfigurasi Konfigurasi IP

* R11 : Konfigurasi IP 

R11(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R11(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
R11(config-if)#no shutdown
R11(config-if)#exit
R11(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/1
R11(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
R11(config-if)#no shutdown

* R12 : Konfigurasi IP 

R12(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R12(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
R12(config-if)#no shutdown

* R21 : Konfigurasi IP 

R21(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R21(config-if)#ip address 192.168.21.2 255.255.255.0
R21(config-if)#no shutdown
R21(config-if)#exit
R21(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/1
R21(config-if)#ip address 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.0
R21(config-if)#no shutdown

* R22 : Konfigurasi IP 

R22(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R22(config-if)#ip address 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.0
R22(config-if)#no shutdown

* R31 : Konfigurasi IP 

R31(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R31(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.2 255.255.255.0
R31(config-if)#no shutdown
R31(config-if)#exit
R31(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/1
R31(config-if)#ip address 192.168.32.1 255.255.255.0
R31(config-if)#no shutdown

* R32 : Konfigurasi IP 

R32(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R32(config-if)#ip address 192.168.32.2 255.255.255.0
R32(config-if)#no shutdown

* R0 : Konfigurasi IP 

R0(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown
R0(config-if)#exit
R0(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/1
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.21.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown
R0(config-if)#exit
R0(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/2
R0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0
R0(config-if)#no shutdown

Preconfigurasi Routing

Preconfigurasi Routing

* R12 : Konfigurasi static default routing 

R12(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.1

* R11 : Konfigurasi static default routing 

R11(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.1

* R21 : Konfigurasi ospf 

R21(config)#router ospf 1
R21(config-router)#network 192.168.21.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R21(config-router)#network 192.168.22.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

* R22 : Konfigurasi ospf 

R22(config)#router ospf 1
R22(config-router)#network 192.168.22.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

* R31 : Konfigurasi eigrp 

R31(config)#router eigrp 1
R31(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.255 
R31(config-router)#network 192.168.32.0 0.0.0.255

* R32 : Konfigurasi eigrp 

R32(config)#router eigrp 1
R32(config-router)#network 192.168.32.0 0.0.0.255

* R0 : Konfigurasi static route, ospf , dan eigrp 

R0(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.11.2
R0(config)#router ospf 1
R0(config-router)#network 192.168.21.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R0(config-router)#exit
R0(config)#router eigrp 1
R0(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.255
R0(config-router)#exit

Konfigurasi

* R0 : Table Routing sebelum di redistribute 

R0#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     192.168.11.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.11.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
S    192.168.12.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.11.2
     192.168.21.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.21.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
O    192.168.22.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.21.2, 00:04:06, GigabitEthernet0/1
     192.168.31.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.31.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
L       192.168.31.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/2
D    192.168.32.0/24 [90/3072] via 192.168.31.2, 00:03:23, GigabitEthernet0/2

* R21 : Table Routing sebelum di redistribute 

R21#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
     192.168.21.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.21.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L       192.168.22.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1

Table routing pada R0 tersimpan rute kesemua network akan tetapi pada R21 hanya mendapatkan advertaise rute ospf dari R0. Untuk R0 dapat membagikan table routing ke protocol lain (misal eigrp) maka kita perlu mendistribusikan eigrp pada ospf. DST…

Redistrubute Conntected, Static,dan EIGRP ke table routing OSPF.

R0(config)#router ospf 1
R0(config-router)#redistribute connected subnet
R0(config-router)#redistribute static subnets 
R0(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 1 subnets

tanpa subnets redistribution hanya mendukung classfull subnets. Dengan subnets redistribution mendukung vlsm walaupun pada percobaan ini subnets classfull.

Redistrubute Static, EIGRP ke table routing EIGRP.

R0(config)#router eigrp 1
R0(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500
R0(config-router)#redistribute static metric 10000 100 255 1 1500
R0(config-router)#redistribute connected metric 10000 100 255 1 1500

Untuk redistribute OSPF ke EIGRP pastikan anda menentukan metricnya. Terkadang route tidak terdistribusikan apabila anda tidak menentukanya.

Testing

* R22 : Table Routing setelah kite mendistribute route 

R22#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.22.1, 01:01:14, GigabitEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.22.1, 01:03:09, GigabitEthernet0/0
O    192.168.21.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.22.1, 01:18:37, GigabitEthernet0/0
     192.168.22.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.22.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.22.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.22.1, 01:01:14, GigabitEthernet0/0
O E2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.22.1, 01:01:04, GigabitEthernet0/0

* R32 : Table Routing setelah kite mendistribute route 

R32#show ip route 
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route
 
Gateway of last resort is not set
 
D EX 192.168.11.0/24 [170/282112] via 192.168.32.1, 00:16:00, GigabitEthernet0/0
D EX 192.168.12.0/24 [170/5632] via 192.168.32.1, 01:00:22, GigabitEthernet0/0
D EX 192.168.21.0/24 [170/282112] via 192.168.32.1, 00:16:00, GigabitEthernet0/0
D EX 192.168.22.0/24 [170/282112] via 192.168.32.1, 00:39:29, GigabitEthernet0/0
D    192.168.31.0/24 [90/3072] via 192.168.32.1, 01:22:25, GigabitEthernet0/0
     192.168.32.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       192.168.32.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L       192.168.32.2/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0

* Test Ping 

R12#ping 192.168.22.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.22.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms
R12#ping 192.168.32.2
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.32.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms
  • networking/cisco/bgp-basic.1770217652.txt.gz
  • Last modified: 2026/02/04 22:07
  • by ilyasa